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In 2018, U.S. cross-border exports of charges for the use of intellectual property totaled $69.4 billion, while imports totaled $29.4 billion. This yielded a trade surplus of $40.0 billion. Exports increased by 1.6 percent from 2017, while imports decreased by 0.9 percent. The EU, Switzerland, and China were the largest markets for U.S. cross-border exports of charges for the use of intellectual property and the EU, Japan, and Switzerland were the largest suppliers of imports.